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Medications For Anxiety Disorder and Depression The use of medication can help a lot of people manage anxiety, but they're not the only option. Psychotherapy and exercise can be effective treatments. Some antidepressants work to treat anxiety as well, such as SSRIs, like citalopram (Celexa), the escitalopram (Lexapro) and the fluoxetine (Prozac) paroxetine (Paxil) and sertraline (Zoloft). Other medications, like histamine blockers like Vistaril (hydroxyzine) can also offer relief. Antidepressants Your doctor could prescribe medication to treat depression. Antidepressants, one of the most commonly prescribed drugs are available in a variety of types. The type of antidepressant that your doctor prescribes will be based on your symptoms, any other medical conditions, and treatment goals. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin-noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) are among the most commonly prescribed antidepressants. These drugs work by altering the way that your brain's nerve cells communicate. The drugs increase the amount neurotransmitters in your brain, which helps improve your mood and reduces anxiety. Antidepressants may take a few weeks to yield results, so take your time and stick with your regimen. Benzodiazepines may also be prescribed by your doctor to treat anxiety or depression. They are fast-acting medicines, and they can be employed as a temporary solution to alleviate the immediate symptoms of anxiety and depression. Benzodiazepines are lorazepam, alprazolam and others. They block the actions of adrenaline and noradrenaline, which are hormones that participate in the fight or flight response. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors are an antidepressant type older that can be effective for treating anxiety and depression. These are often prescribed to patients who have not responded to other antidepressants. They also require dietary changes to prevent hypertensive reactions caused by the amino acid tyramine. Tell your doctor if you are taking an antidepressant under prescription. This includes vitamins and supplements. You may have to decrease the dosage if other medications are affecting how well antidepressants function or if you experience adverse effects. If you think you're having thoughts of suicide, seek assistance right away from a medical professional. You may have different signs of depression and anxiety or you may have a comorbidity of depression and anxiety. Patients with comorbid anxiety as well as depression have a worse medical prognosis compared to those who only have one disorder. Certain psychiatric drugs have been shown to be particularly effective in treating both disorders for those with comorbid anxiety and depression. anxiety in adults can be alleviated through benzodiazepines. They include alprazolam (Xanax), the clonazepam (Klonopin) as well as chlordiazepoxide (Librium) diazepam (Valium) and lorazepam (Ativan). These drugs act on the central nervous system's benzodiazepine receptors which are protein molecules comprised of five transmembrane subunits which shape a benzyl chloride channel in the middle. The benzodiazepine-receptors also possess one that binds to the inhibitory neurotransmitter, GABA A (GABA A). The benzodiazepines increase the concentration of GABA-A, thereby decreasing muscle activity and relaxing the muscles. Benzodiazepines have a rapid onset of action, but they are also at risk for dependence and addiction. Antipsychotics and antidepressants as well as anticonvulsants and buspirone, have a slower onset of action, but are still better for long-term use, as they don't cause dependence or tolerance. Depression is frequently found to be a comorbidity of anxiety disorders, and antidepressants are able to help reduce the depressive symptoms associated with underlying anxiety. However, many people with depression experience a combination of both anxious and depressive symptoms and will require the combination of medication and therapy to manage all their symptoms. In these situations benzodiazepines are often employed for a brief period to manage anxiety or depression symptoms while other medications take effect. Typically, these medications are only prescribed for several weeks at a time, and are not prescribed daily. These medications should not be taken for extended periods of time as they can trigger withdrawal symptoms such as shaking or trouble sleeping. If you are considering taking benzodiazepines in the future, inform your doctor about any past substance abuse or dependence issues as well as any other mental health issues you have. Your doctor can discuss possible adverse effects and suggest other treatments for depression, if needed. Benzodiazepines can cause serious and even life-threatening problems if you take too much or haven't previously used them. If you are nursing, pregnant or have any history of liver disease or digestive or respiratory problems your doctor may suggest lower doses or restrict the duration of treatment with these medications. Alcohol can interact with benzodiazepines, and can increase the risk of side effects and dependence, so you should not drink alcohol while taking these medications. Beta-blockers Beta-blockers are a medication to control anxiety symptoms. They are a type of medication distinct from benzodiazepines, such as Xanax and work by blocking the receptors to which adrenaline binds. They also reduce the activity of the nervous system and brain. They could be a good alternative to benzodiazepines that are more prone to the risk of dependence and addiction. Beta blockers, that reduce blood pressure and slow heart rate, are frequently prescribed to treat heart ailments. They can also be beneficial for treating anxiety. However, they are not specifically approved by the FDA to treat of anxiety disorders. They are typically used “off label” for this purpose, and are a good alternative if other anti-anxiety drugs do not offer relief or have unacceptable adverse effects. They are especially effective in situations of performance anxiety and social anxiety, where uncomfortable physical symptoms can be experienced when an event triggers anxiety. They can be utilized in conjunction with other treatment modalities such as CBT and SSRIs. They are particularly effective as an alternative therapy for people suffering from GAD. GAD is characterized by persistent and frequent anxiety that can hinder everyday activities. They can also assist in managing the physical symptoms of anxiety, like the racing heart or the increased sweating. Although beta-blockers can assist in helping alleviate physical symptoms of anxiety, they cannot tackle the mental issues that cause the condition. They can be used to complement other treatments like benzodiazepines and SSRIs. Before taking beta-blockers, it is crucial to talk with your doctor about your medical history as well as any other health concerns. The use of these medications has been linked to a reduction in suicidal and psychiatric hospitalisations, but the results vary depending on the specific psychiatric condition and past psychiatric history. Additionally, they are linked to an increased risk of cardiovascular-related events in certain patients. There are some natural products that have beta-blocker-like properties, however they aren't as effective as prescription medications. These include antioxidants, as well as saffron, garlic and potassium. The effectiveness of these natural products is not fully understood. Certain of these supplements can cause serious side adverse effects, therefore it is recommended to consult an expert before taking these supplements. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) work by changing the way that your brain functions. They inhibit the monoamine oxide enzyme, which breaks down chemicals like norepinephrine, serotonin and other chemicals that allow brain cells to communicate with eachother. By blocking monoamine oxide, MAOIs allow more of these chemical messengers to stay in your brain. This improves brain cell communication, and boosts your mood. These medications are also effective in treating anxiety disorders, especially anxiety disorders like agoraphobia and mixed depression and anxiety states. They are not as effective for pure anxiety and may not help in a panic attack. The MAOIs' effectiveness has been linked to their capability to boost serotonin, dopamine and norepinephrine levels within the brain. These neurotransmitters are produced naturally in the body are released into the bloodstream, where they travel to nerves cells and serve as messengers. Iproniazid was the first antidepressant to be developed in 1950. It inhibited monoamine oxidease. This led to the development of other MAOIs like tranylcypromine isocarboxazid and fluoxetine, which are known to treat depression. MAOIs are usually prescribed after other types of antidepressants, such as tricyclic antidepressants or serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, have been tried without success. MAOIs could trigger serious withdrawal symptoms if suddenly stopped. They may also cause serious food and drug interactions. A newer MAOI called MAOA-A, a selective, irreversible inhibitor is being researched for its potential use in treating depression resistant to treatment. It is not recommended to be used in bipolar disorder since it could trigger manic symptoms. Another newer MAOI, selegiline (Eldepryl or Zelapar), is being studied for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. It blocks monoamine oxidese but does not affect other enzymes which break down levodopa, the main treatment for Parkinson's. These medications may be used in conjunction with other antidepressants. MAOIs can cause hyperreflexia and increased neuromuscular excitability in some patients. This can manifest as muscle twitching, eyelid twitching, as well as other signs. These reactions can be more common when these medications are used in conjunction along with certain food items like aged cheeses or cured meats.